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Abbreviations 4-HHE: 4-Hydroxyhexenal 4-HNE: 4-Hydroxynonenal Akt: Protein kinase B -SMA: Alpha-smooth muscle actin AREs: Antioxidant response elements Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein COX-2: Cyclooxygenase 2 DPG: 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate ECM: Extracellular matrix EGF: Epidermal growth factor EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase GSH: Glutathione (reduced form) GSHPx: Glutathione peroxidase GSSG: Glutathione disulphide H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide HO-1: Heme oxygenase 1 Hsp-70: Heat shock protein 70 HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells IFN-: Interferon-gamma IGF1R: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IB : Inhibitor of kappa B IKK: IB kinase IL: Interleukin iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase IR: Ischemiareperfusion Keap-1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein KRT10 : Keratin 10 KRT6 : Keratin 6 LC3B: Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta LOPs: Lipid oxidation products LPS: Lipopolysaccharide MDA: Malondialdehyde MMP: Matrix metallopeptidases mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NET: Neutrophil extracellular trap NF-B: Nuclear Factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 NO: Nitric oxide OA: Osteoarthritis PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase pO 2 : Partial pressure of oxygen PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma RA: Rheumatoid arthritis ROS: Reactive oxygen species S100A7, A8, A9: Calcium binding proteins genes A7, A8, A9 SOD: Superoxide dismutase TGF-1: Transforming growth factor-1 Th17: T helper 17 cells TLR: Toll-like Receptor TNF: Tumor necrosis factor VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor References Ajamieh H, et al
