The retail pharmacies segment led the market with a 60% share in 2025 because they offer wide accessibility and convenience for patients seeking prescriptions and ongoing therapy refills
The ranking of therapies is based on their pathway-targeting effectiveness within the DM2-AD comorbidity network, and while metformin demonstrates the highest engagement with key neuroprotective mechanisms, and semaglutide among the least, this does not imply complete inefficacy of lower-ranked therapies
Following this gradual increase is key to minimizing side effects
This could lead to reduced potency and an increased risk of side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and a metallic taste in your mouth
Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease with a high global prevalence, has increasingly been recognized for its adverse effects on the male reproductive system, particularly spermatogenesis