While oral supplements are effective, absorption can be influenced by timing and digestive health
Joo JH, et al
Carnitine in Human Muscle Bioenergetics: Can Carnitine Supplementation Improve Physical Exercise
Our systematic review found that GLP-1 RAs (such as exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, and the dual agonist tirzepatide) may significantly improve multiple facets of IIH: headaches, visual function, and induce substantial weight loss
Weight of evidence: Overall evidence is Low-Moderate: multiple animal studies and a growing number of small clinical trials suggest benefits across gutbrain signaling, social and behavioral domains, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neurophysiological patterns, yet most human studies rely on caregiver-reported outcomes, lack biomarker integration, and seldom control for diet, comorbidities, or baseline microbiome composition