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A high concentration of ROS induces protein coagulation, DNA impairment, and lipid peroxidation in the cellular membrane, causing a reduction in cellular viability 34

Morphologically, apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, which are ultimately engulfed and cleared by macrophages

These results indicated that mesenchymal progenitor like and pro-inflammatory fibroblasts were involved in keloids senescence which may play crucial roles in the aggression and recurrence of keloids

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Experiments were repeated three times independently, with similar results( a-m )