However, many patients do not respond to these therapies, particularly those with tumors that have developed mechanisms of immune evasion
Lipid-based DDSs (LBDDSs) utilize phospholipid bilayer architectures [e.g., liposomes, ethosomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)] to achieve localized drug enrichment in joint cavities or inflammatory foci, with reduced immunogenicity due to biomimetic membrane properties (Seo et al., 2023)
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1 beta, and interferon-gamma (IFN-), promote ROS production, while ROS scavengers such as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) can reduce the ROS levels induced by these cytokines 14
Liver injury induced by exposure to polystyrene microplastics alone or in combination with cadmium in mice is mediated by oxidative stress and apoptosis
Glutathione (GSH) is a short string of amino acids called a peptide