The KP is considered the most critical link between IBD and depression because it serves as a molecular switch that diverts TRP away from the serotonin pathway toward the production of neuroactive metabolites in response to immune activation (Chen et al., 2021)
These include:[ref] Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1B, IL-33), which cause the release of IL-6, TNF, IL-8, and VEGF Heavy metals (aluminum, cadmium, mercury) Herbicides (atrazine, glyphosate) Pathogens (Lyme disease, lipopolysaccharides from bacteria, certain viruses, and mold spores) These triggers can cause a two-phase reaction : Immediately released mediators include histamine, TNF, tryptase, RANKL, and serotonin
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Chaudhari SN, Harris DA, Aliakbarian H, Luo JN, Henke MT, Subramaniam R, Vernon AH, Tavakkoli A, Sheu EG, Devlin AS
In the Si-DSS group, the amount of retained hydrogen followed the same pattern as that in the Con-DSS group