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Signaling pathways of GLP-1R in pancreatic -cell [11] In addition to the Gs/cAMP signaling pathway, GLP-1R can also couple with other G protein subtypes, such as Gi, Gq, Go, and G11
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Glucagon Receptor Glucagon receptor primarily acts on the liver, instructing it to produce more glucose when blood sugar is low
Under cellular stress, GSH levels drop as GSSG accumulates in the cell, although it can also react with the free sulfhydryl group of a protein to form a mixed disulfide or be transported out of the cell (Lu, 2013)
13 In this review, we summarise the evidence related to the effects of GLP-1 RAs on these outcomes ( Figure 1 ), which may shed light on the potential of these agents to be used in the clinical care of HF patients and investigated in large clinical trials to evaluate clinical outcomes
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