Reported or proposed issue Liver or metabolic changes Evidence source Animal studies and pathway theory Known or theoretical
One of the most well-known is Robert's and Szabo's concept of cytoprotection, which holds innate cell (epithelial (Robert), endothelial (Szabo)) integrity, protection/maintenance/reestablishing in the stomach to be translated to other organ therapy (cytoprotectionorganoprotection) via cytoprotection agent's effect
The Hostynek and Maibach group at UCSF measured exactly this in 2011: human skin permeation of GHK-Cu as a function of skin layer, with the result that the peptide accumulates in the upper stratum corneum but does not pass through to viable epidermis or dermis in any meaningful quantity 4
There are several causes of vitamin B12 deficiency, including poor dietary intake, malabsorption, and pernicious anemia
Collagen is required to support the skin's structure and elasticity, whilst glutathione acts as a skin brightener and detoxifier