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Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury
In dextran sulfate sodium colitis, liraglutide attenuates tight junction gene expression in the cecum Given that LPS, a component of Gram-negative bacteria such as E
When these effects were studied using cocaine, Ex-4 increased MSN action potential (AP) frequency in the NAc core and shell following the extinction of cocaine self-administration without changing sEPSC frequency or PPR or sEPSC, which indicated that increased excitability of MSNs in NAc might be contributing to suppressive effects of Ex-4 and this is a mechanism independent of the presynaptic stimulation (Hernandez et al., As another significant finding of this study, current literature points that while GLP-1 treatment significantly decreases addictive-like behavioral effects on cocaine, alcohol, and nicotine, the evidence for opioid addiction is contradictory
Reported benefits (per available research): Studied for its ability to produce sustained, dose-dependent increases in growth hormone and IGF-1 secretion in a Phase 1 human trial in healthy adults, published by Teichman et al