GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists are a class of medications that were initially developed to manage type 2 diabetes
Contrast to peptides, small-molecule GLP-1 agonists like orforglipron are synthesized via conventional chemical routes in organic solvents, which can be scaled more like typical pharmaceuticals (crystallization, distillation, continuous reactors)
We use the abbreviations o = outside, b = blood, c = cytosol, so, for example, V oCysb is the transport of cysteine from the outside into the blood
Dopamine controls systemic inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome
Noise exposure induced a chronic tinnitus percept as measured by startle reflex inhibition In the use of the PPI paradigm as a behavioral assay, we collected data from 34 companion controls to construct a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the mean tinnitus index score, which served as the normative reference for estimating tinnitus