Pre-workout supplements and L-carnitine are among the most commonly used fitness boosters today

Non-pharmacological management strategies: Dietary modifications that may help manage GI symptoms include: Eat smaller, more frequent meals rather than large portions Avoid high-fat, greasy, or spicy foods that delay gastric emptying further Stay well-hydrated with small, frequent sips of water Avoid lying down immediately after eating (wait 23 hours) Identify and avoid personal trigger foods Eat slowly and chew thoroughly Lifestyle adjustments: Avoid strong odours that may trigger nausea Ensure adequate fresh air and ventilation Practice stress-reduction techniques, as anxiety can exacerbate nausea Maintain good sleep hygiene Alternative pharmacological options: If symptoms persist despite lifestyle measures, discuss these evidence-based alternatives with your prescriber: Antiemetics: Medications such as metoclopramide (short-term only), prochlorperazine, or cyclizine may be prescribed for persistent nausea

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Gene expression levels were quantified by qPCR using QuantiFast SYBR Green PCR Kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA, USA) and reactions were performed on a Viia TM 7 real time PCR system (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA)
Synthesis and processing of apolipoprotein E in human brain cultures