NAD+ metabolism generates oxidative byproducts
Therefore, well-designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials are critically needed to assess ACs efficacy, safety, optimal dosage, and pharmacokinetics in human populations
Mechanistically, as noted earlier, the fading of gastric symptoms over time is at least consistent with partial adaptation of the gastric-emptying effect, though symptom reports are an imperfect proxy for the underlying motility
For some people, genuinely yes
However, benefits can start within the first few weeks, increasing synergistically with continued therapy