Common causes: MTHFR gene mutations (C677T, A1298C) reducing enzyme efficiency Vitamin B deficiencies (folate, B12, B6) preventing homocysteine recycling Kidney disease impairing homocysteine clearance Certain medications (methotrexate, antacids, metformin) Hypothyroidism Aging Health risks associated with high homocysteine: Cardiovascular disease damages blood vessel walls, promotes atherosclerosis Blood clots increases risk of DVT, pulmonary embolism, stroke Heart attack and stroke particularly when levels exceed 15 mol/L Pregnancy complications miscarriage, preeclampsia, neural tube defects Cognitive decline Alzheimers disease, dementia, memory problems Osteoporosis weakens bone structure Depression and mental health issues Treatment approach: Increase methylated B vitamins (methylfolate, methyl-B12, B6) Improve diet with folate-rich foods Address underlying deficiencies Support methylation pathways Monitor and reduce levels to optimal range (below 10 mol/L) The goal: Lower homocysteine by improving your bodys ability to process it efficiently
Sparrow and Olszewski, 1993
2023 Jan 9;13:1093388
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