As one FDA official put it: We dont actually know with any certainty what it is. Those doubts didnt convince the committee, which voted 86 to recommend that BPC-157 compounding be allowed
doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.143040 Summary Keywords rheumatoid arthritis, targets, proteins, small molecular metabolites, epigenetic regulators Citation Huang J, Fu X, Chen X, Li Z, Huang Y and Liang C (2021) Promising Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of the naturally occurring protein Thymosin Beta-4 (T4), found in almost all animal cells
The pro-inflammatory triggers apparently drove up TNF- and IL-6 release, whereas GHK-Cu apparently pulled both cytokines down
Also note that high intake of folic acid can mask B12 deficiency and exacerbate anemia