Among the four enzymes of the AsA-GSH pathway in chloroplasts, the chloroplastic APX (chAPX) which consists of thylakoid (tAPX) and stromal (sAPX) isoforms scavenges the H 2 O 2 generated during photosynthesis
What Is CJC-1295 and Why Is Everyone Talking About It
2, the NADPH homeostasis is mainly regulated by several metabolic pathways and enzymes including NAD kinase (NADK), the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), the folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, malic enzymes (ME), the nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT), cytosolic or mitochondrial NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 and IDH2), the glutamine metabolism, and the fatty acid oxidation (FAO)
10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4 Cochrane Database
Although ROS generated under physiological conditions are not harmful, and likely play a signaling role, toxic or pathological conditions that lead to an impairment of mitochondrial function can increase the release of ROS