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S2CID 35749798

These modifications serve to make the molecule more resistant to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzymes, which would otherwise break down the peptide structure

This isn't because 1:1 is mechanistically optimal in some provable way it's because researchers studying combinations of these compounds chose 1:1 as the default and the literature accumulated around that choice

This reduced binding may affect its bioavailability and interactions with target tissues in experimental models

The target is a total phenytoin level of 15-20 ug/mL, or an estimated free phenytoin level of 1.5-2 ug/mL after albumin correction (more on this below)