Atrial fibrillation affects approximately 1-2% of the general population (3)
Under physiological conditions, ROS are produced in a controlled manner by mitochondria, NOXs, and other enzyme systems, and are strictly regulated by antioxidant defenses [540,541,542]
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Oral L-carnitine is poorly absorbed (roughly 1418%)
This may also lead to increases in cellular differentiation and tissue repair