Refrigerating an unopened vial won't hurt it, but it's not required
In spite of 40 years of research the exact function of this protein is more complex than ever, but it has been found that these intracellular dimeric proteins, play a major role in the intracellular transport of endogenous compounds, metabolizes various electrophilic xenobiotics, ligand transport and thus protects cells against toxic effects [31], [87], [85]
The peptide reconstitution calculator simplifies the math involved in achieving the desired concentration
As for the anti-aging effect , its going to be complicated for me to tell you that Ive seen a real difference in my skins firmness
But the same review goes on to note that certain topical amino acids namely, arginine have demonstrated the ability to enhance collagen production and improve the skin barrier in humans when applied topically.42 Ceramides Ceramides can do quite a bit for your skin health