Early signs of aging: Vitamin C supports collagen synthesis its an essential cofactor in the process by which skin produces new collagen fibers
Genera are ordered by significance in the day7/day0 (OSKM) vs day7/day0 (WT) interaction, and raw p-values (by two-tailed Wald test (DESeq2)) for this score are shown
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Thats the threshold that changes the conversation
Key pathophysiologic mechanisms include: Mucosal barrier dysfunction: Impaired epithelial tight junctions allow bacterial translocation, triggering innate immune activation T-helper cell dysregulation: Predominantly Th1 and Th17 pathways drive chronic inflammation via TNF-, IL-12, IL-23 the basis for biologic therapy targets Transmural inflammation: Unlike UC (mucosal only), CD involves all layers: mucosa submucosa muscularis propria serosa Granuloma formation: Non-caseating granulomas are pathognomonic but present in only ~3050% of biopsies Fibrosis and stricture: Chronic inflammation activates myofibroblasts collagen deposition luminal narrowing obstructive symptoms Fistula formation: Transmural ulcers penetrate serosa form sinus tracts connect to adjacent bowel, bladder, vagina, or skin 7