16mg total 200 mcg per spray Third-party tested Qalitex Identity confirmed Certificate of Analysis Tested by Qalitex 07/17/2026 Tested by Janoshik 11/10/2025 Key Ingredients A stable pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) studied in relation to cytoprotective mechanisms, nitric oxide system interactions, growth factor expression, and angiogenic pathways
Studies and UK dietitian protocols suggest: This amount bypasses the need for traditional absorption pathways and is effective for most post-op patients who take it consistently
Hsieh M-J, Liu H-T, Wang C-N, Huang H-Y, Lin Y, Ko Y-S, et al
Faster ramp, higher ceiling, more side effect risk
In preclinical research environments, NAD has been extensively studied as a critical metabolic cofactor involved in redox biology, cellular energy production, and enzyme-mediated signaling pathways