Other Protein Targets Similar to the cytokine targets described above, many other important proteins also play remarkable roles in the pathogenesis of RA, and corresponding agents have been used in clinical settings as part of continuous research into treating RA ( Table 1 )
The loss of this single protein has cascading effects
Additional Synergistic Nutrients Other compounds, such as alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and zinc, are often included in antioxidant therapies to maximize efficacy
Specifically, mature red blood cells are enucleated, and organelles such as mitochondria are extruded in healthy conditions
Moreover, the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing technology has enabled researchers to investigate gene expression heterogeneity at the single-cell level, providing a novel perspective on cellular differences and their roles in disease [264, 270]