IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine largely described to promote resolution of inflammation and prevent tissue damage (18), was shown to prevent such endothelial cell apoptosis (17), to preserve the expression of endothelial junction proteins, namely occludin and claudin 5 (16), and to maintain proper vascular permeability during inflammation (15)
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Moreover, MSC-Exos contain miRNAs that stimulate the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway [211], maintain the stability and function of SLC7A11 [166], and mitigate iron overload via DMT1 modulation [152]
Unlike short-lived growth-factor peptides, it is notably stable in gastric juice, and laboratories study it as a stable pentadecapeptide tool compound in tissue-repair and cytoprotection research
The formula features ginseng root water, an ingredient long used in Korean herbal medicine for its antioxidant properties, which protect skin from environmental stressors that can contribute to fine lines and loss of firmness