These mechanisms further activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hepatic glycogenolysis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance, contributing to core depressive features of anhedonia, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive slowing ( The complex etiopathogenesis of T2DM has been explored in detail and includes insulin resistance (in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue), impaired insulin secretion, -cell dysfunction, immune dysregulation and meta-inflammation, hyperglucagonemia, disrupted gut microbiota, increased gastric glucose absorption, renal adaptation with enhanced glucose reabsorption and gluconeogenesis, decreased dopamine, and heightened sympathetic tone in the brain ( via cells of the circumventricular organs located around the third and fourth brain ventricles, transmitting signals to deeper brain structures
Over time, glucose levels that are too high can damage organs, including the eyes, kidneys, and heart, while levels that are too low can cause symptoms such as dizziness, shakiness, sweating, and fatigue and are acutely dangerous
If youre on medications, certain vitamins might interfere so disclose what youre taking
Abdominoplasty (tummy tuck) A tummy tuck, or abdominoplasty [3] , is a surgical procedure designed to remove excess skin and fat from the abdomen
It works as a triple agonist, activating GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously
