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The gut microbiome encodes over 12 million genes, and its metabolitessuch as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile acids, and tryptophan derivativescan directly act on intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and cancer stem cells, impacting inflammatory intensity, DNA damage repair, and cell fate determination (Luo et al., 2025
It has been proven that it expresses antioxidant capabilities in vitro
Comparative effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on the risk of dementia in older individuals with type 2 diabetes in Sweden: an emulated trial study
Janson J, Laedtke T, Parisi JE, OBrien P, Petersen RC, Butler PC
B., Roberts, A
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