It upregulates genes involved in collagen synthesis (COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1), extracellular matrix remodeling (decorin, fibromodulin), and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) while simultaneously suppressing genes associated with inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha), fibrinogen production, and tissue destruction (several MMPs)
Treatments may take 15 to 45 minutes per session, with multiple sessions required for optimal results
Find out how long the treatment is expected to last and if it involves any maintenance
The copper-bound form, GHK-Cu, is the biologically active complex studied across regenerative biology, wound healing research, skin science, and anti-ageing science for its remarkably broad range of cellular and tissue-level effects
Hooijberg JH, Pinedo HM, Vrasdonk C, Priebe W, Lankelma J, Broxterman HJ