More than 90% of dietary TRP is metabolized via the KP, primarily in the liver [171], generating circulating KYN that readily crosses the BBB, whereas downstream metabolites such as KYNA, QA, and 3-HAA remain largely trapped within the CNS once synthesized [20]
Am J Phys 259:F747F751 Nakano M, Kainer G, Foreman JW, Ko DJ, Chan JC (1989) The effects of exogenous rat growth hormone therapy on growth of uremic rats fed an 8% protein diet
Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Kang J, et al
It supports your body's antioxidant defenses against everyday oxidative stress, the quiet move clients make before weddings, galas and shoots
However, growing evidence indicates that alternative metabolic routes such as malic enzyme 1 (ME1), isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1 and IDH2), and the folate cycle also significantly contribute to NADPH production, particularly under stress conditions or during metabolic reprogramming [43]