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Falcone M, Preto M, Ceruti C, Timpano M, Garaffa G, Sedigh O, et al
It directly stimulates keratinocyte proliferation
Abbreviations AD Alzheimers disease ADTIQ 1-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline APC antigen presenting cell ATF6 activating transcription factor-6 AGE advanced glycation end-product BBB bloodbrain barrier CHOP C/EBP-homologous protein CNS central nervous system COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 CREB cAMP response element-binding factor CSF cerebrospinal fluid DAT dopamine transporter ER endoplasmic reticulum ERAD ER-associated degradation GAG glycosaminoglycan GalNAc N -acetylgalactosamine GlcNAc N -acetylglucosamine GPI glycophosphatidylinositol GRP78 glucose-regulated protein-78 GSLs glycosphingolipids HMGB1 high mobility group box 1 IL-1 interleukin-1 beta IFN- interferon-gamma IgG immunoglobulin G iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase IRE1 inositol requiring enzyme-1 LPS lipopolysaccharide MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MGO methylglyoxal MHC major histocompatibility complex MPP + 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mtDNA mitochondrial DNA NKT natural killer T NF-AT nuclear factor of activated T cells NF-B nuclear factor-kappa B NO nitric oxide Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 6-OHDA 6-hydroxydopamine PARIS parkin interacting substrate PERK protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase PD Parkinsons disease PGC-1 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 PINK 1 protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 RAGEs receptor for advanced glycation end products ROS reactive oxygen species Siglec sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin superfamily SNpc Substantia nigra pars compacta TNF- tumor necrosis factor alpha TREM2 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 UPR unfolded protein response UPS ubiquitinproteasome system VMAT vesicular monoamine transporter References 1 AbdelsalamR
It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress and excessive generation of ROS affect mitochondrial morphology 30
(29) Likewise, reactive oxygen species production increased by 22% (p = 0.017) and neutrophil migration by 30% (p = 0.009)
