For example, methyl jasmonate treatment under salinity stress in Ginkgo biloba enhanced the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, increased quercetin accumulation, and reduced oxidative damage, illustrating how stress-responsive signaling pathways can redirect metabolic resources toward flavonoid production (Feng et al., 2025)
Melatonin administration reversed this phenotype by adopting a compensatory mechanism aimed at increasing Bcl-2 protein expression, blocking Bax proapoptotic activity via the SIRT1/NF-kB axis with a consequent and significant inhibition of Cyt C release and the lack of apoptosome formation and caspase 3 activation 37 (Fig
Cell Death Dis 17 , 358 (2026)
however, LPO is quantitatively very limited, as indicated by hepatic levels of 4HNE, MDA, and HETEs, and ethane and pentane exhalation [65,73,75,81,95,96]
Raghu G, Berk M, Campochiaro PA, Jaeschke H, Marenzi G, Richeldi L, et al