doi: 10.1038/s41388-024-03080-7 61 WangSHuangTWuQYuanHWuXYuanFet al
Back pain is not listed as a common or characteristic adverse effect in the FDA-approved prescribing information for GLP-1 receptor agonists or the dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist tirzepatide

Common adverse effects reported with Ozempic include: Gastrointestinal symptoms : nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain (particularly during dose escalation) Injection site reactions : redness, itching, or discomfort at the injection site Hypoglycaemia : especially when used in combination with insulin or sulfonylureas (doses of these medications may need reduction to minimise this risk) [3] [14] More serious but less common risks include: Pancreatitis : patients should be advised to seek immediate medical attention if they experience severe, persistent abdominal pain [22] [23] Gallbladder disease : including cholelithiasis and cholecystitis Diabetic retinopathy complications : particularly in patients with pre-existing retinopathy Acute kidney injury : risk increases with dehydration from severe gastrointestinal side effects Thyroid C-cell tumours : observed in rodent studies, though the relevance to humans remains uncertain [3] [14] Ozempic should not be used during pregnancy and should be discontinued if pregnancy occurs

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For osteoarthritis , NICE guidance (NG226) recommends a holistic approach: Education and self-management : Understanding the condition and strategies to manage symptoms Exercise and physical activity : Strengthening exercises, aerobic activity, and local muscle strengthening programmes Weight management : For those who are overweight or obese, structured weight loss programmes Pharmacological options : Topical NSAIDs as first-line