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Elderly patients (65+ years) or those on multiple medications : risk of drug interactions and muscle mass loss requires careful management
This analysis uses specific, transparent criteria to examine the category
GLP-1 receptor agonists: beyond their pancreatic effects
doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.037 58 SawamuraTKarashimaSNagaseSNamboHShimizuEHigashitaniTet al
Furthermore, incretin-based therapies can also improve mitochondrial function and reduce apoptosis by increasing anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression and lowering pro-apoptotic BAX signaling, thereby promoting neuronal survival in dopaminergic cell lines ( GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide) and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists (e.g., tirzepatide) have been also reported to reduce microglial and astrocytic hyperactivation and suppress the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-, IL-1, and NF-B
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