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Silva-AdayaDPerez-De LaCruzVHerrera-MundoMNMendoza-MacedoKVilleda-HernandezJBiniendaZet al
Kalamkar et al., 2022
L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring nutrient that helps transport stored fat into the mitochondria of your cells, where it can be burned for energy
Vitamin D works in conjunction with calcium to build and maintain strong bones, making it an essential nutrient for individuals at risk of osteoporosis or other bone-related conditions
Additionally, higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, substance P, and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor are often detected in the bladder endothelium of IC patients compared to controls Notably, bladder epithelial cells in individuals with IC exhibit intrinsic alterations in differentiation, neurotransmitter release, potassium channel activity, increased nitric oxide production, nuclear factor-B activation, nerve fiber density, serum C-reactive protein levels, and the production of neuropeptide Y and nerve growth factor
