Upon ligand binding, TR II phosphorylates and activates TR I, forming a heteromeric receptor complex that initiates downstream signaling through both SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways, such as ERK, p38, JNK, and PI3K-Akt cascades [33, 36, 39]
This discomfort usually fades within minutes or hours after the injection
Long-lasting: While minor touch-ups are sometimes needed, results can last for years when weight remains stable
Therefore, patients must continuously use the drug if they want to maintain their weight
Ferrari F, Moretti A, Villa RF (2022) Incretin-based drugs as potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: current status and perspectives