Improve recovery from exercise and physical stress , reducing burnout and fatigue
However, the long-term safety, metabolic clearance, and potential cumulative toxicity of these synthetic materials require further systematic evaluation
Interaction of glutathione S-transferase with hypericin: A photophysical study
Int J Mol Sci 15(10):1918319202 Ottaviano E, Baron G, Fumagalli L, Leite J, Colombo EA, Artasensi A, Borghi E (2021) Candida albicans Biofilm Inhibition by Two Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry) Urinary Metabolites: 5-(3, 4-DihydroxyPhenyl)--Valerolactone and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
The strongest human evidence is topical, including the Leyden 2002 photoaging trial and a 2023 IRB-approved 21-woman topical NEEL gel study reporting an average 28% increase in skin collagen density at 3 months