In AD high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-, IL 1 and IL-6 in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of patients are expressed (Iarlori et al., 2005
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017
This suggests improved patient health and potential easing of health care system burden
Notably, two such trials with low dose NAC, 600 mg/day over 3 years demonstrated some efficacy in inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-nave patients only ( High-dose NAC (1,200 mg/day) showed superior outcomes, improving lung volumes [Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Residual Volume/ Total Lung Capacity (RV/TLC), Inspiratory Capacity (IC)] and exercise tolerance( 2575% ), reactance at 6 Hz, and resonant frequency over 1 year, while these declined with placebo ( The PANTHEON trial, a large double-blind RCT in GOLD defined COPD patients with severe airflow obstruction and a history of 2 COPD exacerbations in the previous year, found that NAC 600 mg BID reduced exacerbation rates in NAC group (497 acute exacerbations in 482 patients, 1.16 AcEx/pt/yr) versus placebo (641 acute exacerbations in 482 patients, 1.49 AcEx/Pt/yr), p 1 log 10 ) compared to untreated controls (67)
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