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Specific changes in GLP-1 of monotreme mammals result in resistance to DPP-4 cleavage which is also observed in the GLP-1 like Exendin-4 expressed in Heloderma venom

Beyond its role in neurotransmitter release, S has also been implicated in modulating neuronal excitability and firing or signaling patterns (Subramaniam et al., 2014)

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A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs (N=2,994) found that systemic corticosteroid use increased the odds of developing hyperglycemia by 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.7-3.2) compared to placebo, with the effect most pronounced in afternoon and evening glucose readings [13]

Both are early enough in development that the published endpoints are surrogates body weight, HbA1c, liver fat measured over trial-length follow-up