Clostridium butyricum was analyzed in a 2023 medical review, and the study authors stated it "reduced obesity" (in a rodent model)
The study results, published in the July 15, 2026, online edition of The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology , address a major unmet need for people with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatohepatitis (MASH), a serious form of fatty liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and the need for transplantation
Studies with PYY agonists administered intravenously have shown reduction in food intake with increased satiety [92, 93], however, a nasal PYY agonist showed minimal efficacy with poor tolerability [94]
P.KumarA.DwivediS.DeebaF.KumarS.et al (2015a)
Zero retention at that same timepoint