Mody R, Yu M, Nepal BK, Konig M, Grabner M
It is not approved by the FDA
Research like this is why, in January 2025, the FDA approved Ozempic the brand name version of semaglutide for type 2 diabetes to reduce the risk of complications in people who have both type 2 diabetes and kidney disease
They are all small molecules which act as reversible competitive inhibitors of the catalytic activity of DPP-4 and, when used at the appropriate therapeutic dose, are associated with at least 70% inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity (35) (although the actual extent of inhibition in vivo is likely to be higher, due to dilution of the inhibitor in the ex vivo assay)
Niacinamide: brightening vitamin B3 that helps reduce dark spots by inhibiting pigment formation, whilst infusing a characteristic glow into skin