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Dietary modifications can substantially reduce nausea severity: Eat smaller, more frequent meals rather than large portions, as this reduces gastric distension Avoid high-fat, greasy, or spicy foods , which delay gastric emptying further and may exacerbate symptoms Stay well hydrated with small, frequent sips of water throughout the day Avoid lying down immediately after eating
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of PD as excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to dopaminergic neuronal damage, which is susceptible to oxidative injury due to high metabolic activity and dopamine metabolism
10.2174/1389200221666201019143252 35 TamaiI
Appropriate immunohistochemical stains or panels can be used to distinguish possible considerations such as lymphoid, epithelial, and neuroendocrine lesions
PMID: 21030672 | doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010 Zivanovic-Posilovic G et al
