The complete approval process consists of five major stages: preclinical toxicology studies, Phase I human safety and tolerance testing, Phase II efficacy evaluation, Phase III large-scale controlled clinical trials, and GMP manufacturing site audits

CrossRef Large-scale screening of HBV epitopes restricted by multiple prevalent HLA-B/C allotypes and routine detection of HBV-specific T cells in CHB patients Yandan Wu, Yu Zhao, Ruixue Ji, Pinqing Li, Huijuan Chen, Fangping Yue, Yi Wu, Jie Qiu, Chuanlai Shen Frontiers in Immunology .2026;[Epub] CrossRef Group-based trajectory modeling for declines in hepatitis B surface antigen over time accurately identifies chronic hepatitis B patients achieving functional cure: a single-center cohort study in China Yuchen Peng, Liping Liu, Xiaoping Wu Annals of Medicine .2026;[Epub] CrossRef Risk Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Shuaibing Ying, Jinyao Dai, Qiudan Zhang, Yujing Wang, Yina Yu, Zhijuan Zhang, Shaohua Dong, Yichun Zhang, Haoyang Hu, Yuqi Hong, Yi Liu, Yuqi Guo, Haomin Yan, Yunqing Qiu, Yan Lou Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics .2026

doi: 10.1007/s004150050582 76 SchweigerS.MatthesF.PoseyK.KicksteinE.WeberS.HettichM
Blood tests measure liver enzymes and bilirubin to detect bile duct obstruction and check lipase or amylase if pancreatitis is suspected
Surviving Disney and keeping up with the family