The study also cited estimates that around half of people with obesity stop using weight loss drugs within 12 months
The part used is the seed, which contains silymarin, a group of antioxidant flavonolignans (NCCIH, n.d.)(Ahmed & Sharma, 2024)
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Listed Products of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) At present, 9 GLP-1 receptor agonist hypoglycemic drugs have been approved for marketing in the world, namely: exenatide, liraglutide, Exenatide extended-release (exenatide ER), albiglutide, dulaglutide , lixisenatide, benaglutide, semaglutide, polyethylene glycol loxenatide injection and oral semaglutide
Further studies showed that berberine enhanced the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, further reducing the activity of acetylcholinesterase and caspase-3, protein carbonyl, and DNA fragmentation in the hippocampus (Sadraie et al., 2019)