2 Search strategy and inclusion criteria This mini-review was based on a targeted literature search conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus from January 2015 to August 2025, using the keywords GLP-1 receptor agonists, exercise, physical activity, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and weight loss. Additional terms ( lean mass, body composition, insulin sensitivity, cardiometabolic, combined intervention ) were used in secondary searches
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was performed
GLP-1 receptors are also found on different immune cells, such as neutrophils and eosinophils, and their activation has modulatory effects on immune responses and inflammatory processes associated with these types of cells
doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01430-9 47 ChenJZhaoHMaXZhangYLuSWangYet al
Subcutaneous injections offer significantly superior bioavailability compared to topical application, allowing GHK-Cu to reach deeper tissue layers and exert systemic effects that benefit not only the skin but also hair follicles and broader tissue remodeling internally