Conditions include alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and primary or metastatic liver cancer Renal dysfunction : Impaired kidney function reduces B12 elimination, causing accumulation even with normal intake Haematological conditions : Myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myeloid leukaemia, polycythaemia vera, and hypereosinophilic syndrome increase transcobalamin production, elevating total serum B12 Laboratory interference : Macro-B12 (immunoglobulin-bound B12) and assay interference can cause spuriously elevated results without true excess In clinical practice, unexplained hypercobalaminaemia should prompt investigation for underlying disease, particularly in patients without obvious supplementation history
Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The unique nano-sized glutathione particles enhance absorption, allowing active ingredients to deeply penetrate the skin for a brighter, healthier complexion
Refrigeration, a firm 28-day expiration after opening, and meticulous aseptic handling are the three pillars of success
One possible explanation for this long half-life under starved conditions is that the normal dietary amino acid input is partly replaced by protein catabolism