Why it matters: Lillys top rival, Novo Nordisk, also has two very successful GLP-1 drugs (Ozempic and Wegovy) and a third that is less popular, but still brings in over $1 billion in annual US sales (Rybelsus)
Journal reference: Johnson B, Milstead M, Thomas O, et al
TL;DR: In a large sample of US Veterans, GLP-1 drugs were associated with reduced risk of substance use and psychotic disorders, seizures, neurocognitive disorders (including Alzheimers disease and dementia), coagulation disorders, cardiometabolic disorders, infectious illnesses and several respiratory conditions, but increased risk of gastrointestinal issues, hypotension (low blood pressure), and some kidney-related conditions
This represents the absolute maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects, specifically benchmarked against the prevention of liver damage
Their actual concentrations are often different from the label, and some may even contain contaminants