Summary: B12 deficiency may be caused by malabsorption, poor dietary intake and/or pernicious anemia
For some people, the best way to achieve this is by using an oral B12 supplement
GLP-1 AND GIP Given the extensive clinical experience with GLP-1 RAs and the established safety profile in cardiovascular disease settings, peptide multi-agonists have been developed to target multihormonal peptide-secreting enteroendocrine cells.8 Due to their glucose-lowering functions, the combination of GLP-1 and GIP hormones is one of the most attractive strategies for treating T2DM.8, 9 GLP-1 was first identified as a cleavage product of preproglucagon generated by L cells in the small intestine and functions to increase postprandial insulin production and lower blood glucose.10, 11, 12, 13 Since its discovery, efforts have focused on extending GLP-1 agonist activity through structural changes.14 Liraglutide and semaglutide, two long-acting GLP-1 RAs, have been authorized for the treatment of T2DM and obesity
(for EGCG) Do not consume if you are consuming other products containing green tea on the same day
The only FDA-approved treatments (disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate) have been modestly successful in treating AUD (e.g., naltrexone reduces relapse rates by 5%) (for a detailed review and meta-analysis 1,2 ), but still are severely under-prescribed