In adult patients with T2DM, intramuscular injections (eight to 10 loading injections of 1,000 g each over one to two weeks, followed by monthly 1,000-g injections) or oral vitamin B12 1,000 to 2,000 g daily are sufficient to correct vitamin B12 deficiency.9 Patients should be monitored for response to therapy
In lab and clinical research, its been observed to activate fibroblasts (the cells that produce collagen), increase glycosaminoglycan synthesis (which helps skin retain water), modulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, the enzymes that break down old tissue), and act as a copper cofactor in antioxidant pathways
acnes virulence factors lipase, hyaluronidase and neuraminidase are pro-inflammatory and may add to disc degenerative changes
What does each spray deliver