GSH depletion triggers the lymphocytes apoptotic cascade leading to lymphopenia that affects for the most part T lymphocytes, and lymphopenia is directly associated with severe disease and high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients (Pallard et al., 2009
Step 3: Reducing Oxidative Stress During the initial phase of detoxification, the liver produces enzymes to cause toxins to create free radicals
Graphical Abstract Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations DLAT : Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase FDX1: Ferredoxin 1 GCLC: Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit ICB: Immune checkpoint blockade ICD: Immunogenic cell death L-BSO: L-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine LIAS: Lipoic acid synthetase SLC31A1: Solute carrier family 31 TIME: Tumor immune microenvironment TNBC: Triple-negative breast cancer Funding This work was supported by the National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Program, the Science and Technology Program of Chengdu (2024-YF05-00487-SN), the Science and Technology Program of Tibet Autonomous Region (XZ202401RK0005), the Sichuan Science and Technology program (2023YFS0133), the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality (3502Z202374035)
In addition, EA was found to have poor low oral bioavailability, thus limiting its clinical applications
Chan KM, Decker EA: Endogenous skeletal muscle antioxidants