Battle of Bull Run, July 21st 1861 — Federal Gen. McDowell, Confederate Gen. Beauregard Size:24x18 rendered here in the ink-and-shadow

rendered here in the ink-and-shadow vocabulary of a nation cataloguing its own grief and resolve

signed in the ornamented hand of a republic newly intoxicated by commerce

First Archbishop of New York

Canal Street streetcars

ritualized — the bereavement of a generation grown older than the boys it lost

Battle of Bull Run, July 21st 1861 — Federal Gen. McDowell, Confederate Gen. Beauregard Size:24x18 rendered here in the ink-and-shadowBattle of Bull Run, July 21st 1861 Federal Gen. McDowell, Confederate Gen. Beauregard a documentary engraving of the war's first great clash along a Virginia creek, where picnicking spectators learned what McDowell's green regiments learned under Beauregard's guns: that this would not be a summer's quarrel. About the Source Bella Frye sources artifacts from the great American historical archive the Library of Congress, the National Archives, regional