Vitamin D deficiency is associated with dysbiosis and worsened colitis, while supplementation can improve microbial composition and barrier-related pathways (138)
Headache 46 PeriniF.DAndreaG.GalloniE.PignatelliF.BilloG.AlbaS.et al (2005)
(2000), Horm Res 53(Suppl 3), PubMed 10971106 Statistics from preclinical literature AOD-9604 = modified fragment of hGH 177191 + N-terminal Tyr (sequence Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe), molecular weight 1815.1 Da Developed at Metabolic Pharmaceuticals (Australia) based on the work of professor Frank Ng (Monash University) in the 1990s Standard experimental dose in obesity clinical trials: 1 mg/day subcutaneously (Phase 2b, Heffernan et al.) Mechanism: stimulation of 3-adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue, increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation without activation of the hGH receptor (no IGF-1 increase) Phase 2b clinical trial (2007, 300 patients): weight reduction ~2.8 kg vs placebo over 12 weeks FDA status: NDI rejection (2014) as a dietary supplement

These findings are consistent with earlier randomised studies, such as the Physicians Health Study (345) and Womens Health Initiative dietary supplement trials (Ca/Vit D arms with cancer endpoints) (346), which similarly failed to demonstrate a protective effect against breast cancer development
Generally, the brightening effects last several weeks to a few months