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Bacteriostatic water

Abbreviations AASLD: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases CGA-HE: Clinical Global Assessment of Hepatic Encephalopathy CI: confidence interval EASL: European Association for the Study of the Liver FMT: fecal microbiota transplantation GABA: gamma aminobutyric acid GPB: glycerol phenylbutyrate HAS: hepatic encephalopathy scoring algorithm HE: hepatic encephalopathy HR: hazard ratio LOLA: L-ornithine L-aspartate NAD: non-absorbable disaccharides NNT: number needed to treat OR: odds ratio PAA: phenylacetic acid PBA: phenylbutyric acid PEG: polyethylene glycol PHES: Psychometric HE-score RBANS: Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status RCT: randomized clinical trial RR: relative risk SCFA: short-chain fatty acid SOC: standard of care TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt WHS: West Haven scale Declarations Acknowledgement This work was made possible by the Herman Lopata Chair in Hepatitis Research

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(2025) PubMed: PMC: Sitohang I.B.S., Ninditya S