Conclusion Finding the best location for a B12 injection is crucial for correct administration
DAILY HAIR & SCALP CARE: Apply 3 to 5 sprays to a clean, dry scalp and massage in for 30 to 60 seconds, morning and night
B vitamins including methylcobalamin, niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine support proper functioning during a calorie-deficient diet
Further studies are needed to confirm the lower B12 levels in relation to obesity or semaglutide use, and their effect when combined with GLP-1 drugs
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1602976 Received 30 March 2025 Revised 13 November 2025 Accepted 14 November 2025 Published 19 December 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Bernd Rosenkranz, Fundisa African Academy of Medicines Development, South Africa Reviewed by Kacper Nijakowski, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland Miriam Njoki Karinja, Science for Africa Foundation, Kenya Updates Copyright 2025 Mazur, Ndokaj, Salerno, Vallone, Ardan, Bietolini, Carrouel, Wilk, Sarig, Ottolenghi and Bourgeois